Paul Gottfried and Richard Spencer coin "alternative Right" in 2008
Slobodian 37: "Scholars have identified different origins for the alt-right. Some connect it to the European New Right associated with the French thinker Alain De Benoist, whose response to 1968 was a conscious attempt to adapt the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci's tactic of what he called 'metapolitics' to the causes of the Right. Others find its origins in the welter of patriot groups and conspiritorial publics expanding in the United States since the 1990s. Others follow [Paul] Gottfried's own cues to emphasize the 'right wing critics of American conservatism' since the Cold War's end; the alt-right becomes a more overtly racist heir to the Old Right and the 'populism' of Patrick Buchanan"