Veronica Forrest-Thomson suggests that "nonsemantic" effects contribute toward the "total image-complex" of a poem
Bernstein gently suggests "total / meaning complex, since image may suggest / an overly visual orientation" (11)
also: "It / seems to me she is wrong to designate the nonlexical, / or more accurately, extralexical / strata of the poem as 'nonsemantic'; I would say / that such elements as line breaks, acoustic / patterns, syntax, etc. are meaningful rather than, / as she has it, that they contribute to the meaning / of the poem"