1983 Congress passes the Bayh–Doyle act, also known as the University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act of 1980
Tuchman 58: "Before the act, some, but not all, federal agencies had permitted universities to patent inventions made by its researchers while pursuing research funded by those agencies. The Bayh-Doyle Act introduced a uniform federal patent policy. It extended the right to discoveries resulting from grants from any federal agency. It specified that a university must file a patent on any discovery that it chooses to own; a university could collaborate with commercial concerns to promote the use of inventions; [and] the federal government had a non-exclusive license to produce the invention around the world"