NYRB: "It was during the cold war that the Supreme Court initially recognized that the First Amendment protects academic freedom. In 1957 the Court overturned a New Hampshire contempt conviction of Paul Sweezy, a Marxist economist, for refusing to answer questions about an allegedly Communist lecture he had given. Ten years alter the Court struck down a New York law barring Communists from teaching in state universities, proclaiming academic freedom 'a special concern of the First Amendment' and warning that even in the public universities it operates, government may not 'cast a pall of orthodoxy over the classroom'"
Rehnquist, 1991: "The university is a traditional sphere of free expression so fundamental to the functionins of our society that the Government's ability to control speech within that sphere by means of conditions attached to the expenditure of Government funds is restricted by the vagueness and overbreadth doctrines of the First Amendment"