Toop 135: "Was it an accident of history that free improvisation, with its embrace of noise, 'illegitimate' instruments, elements of theatre, non-hierarchical organisation and the chance intervention of environmental sounds, coincided with the full emergence of semiotics"
Roland Barthes Mythologies (written 1957, pulbished in Britain in 1972)
Umberto Eco's A Theory of Semiotics (1967, published in English in 1976)
both "dwelled upon ideas that were being enacted by improvisers"
music was becoming "a field in which all sounds, silences, gestures and actions were 'the music'" (135)