a change that began in the Middle Ages: "many people no longer lived and worked in the same building. Although most shopkeepers, merchants, and artisans still lived 'over the store,' there was a growing number of bourgeois--builders, lawyers, notaries, civil servants--for whom the home was exclusively a residence. The result of this separation was that--as far as the outside world was concerned--the house was becoming a more private place. Together with this privatization of the home arose a growing sense of intimacy, of identifying the home exclusively with family life."