Graeber / Wengrow 83: "Consider the first direct evidence of what we'd now call complex symbolic human behavior, or simply 'culture.' Currently, it dates back no more than 100,000 years"
we have identified "the expressive use of shell and ochre around 80,000 BC" (same period as "hafted tools")
"later, around 45,000 years ago [...] similar evidence starts appearing much more widely, and in greater quantities"