Brand notes (61) that "students are attracted to architecture as a wondrous calling for great souls guiding huge projects with all-embracing talent and skill. After graduation they encounter a tawdry reality--architect as deskilled and disempowered minor player who is increasingly left out entirely."
62: Despite there being "countless departments and schools of architecture," and the fact that "the only training for developers is deep within a few business schools," Brand argues that "[t]he combat between architects and developers was decided some time ago. Architects are a minor ornament of the culture. Developers build America."
Joel Garreau (Edge City) quoted here (62): "It was stunning how completely it was the developers who turned out to be our master city builders. The developers were the ones who envisioned the projects, acquired the land, exercised the planning, got the money, hired the architects if there were any, lined up the builders, and mangaged the project to completion. Often, it was the developers who continued to manage and maintain the buildings afterward ... Architects were lucky if they got to choose the skin of the building."